Which theory of motivation emphasizes the desire to excel and succeed?

The theory of motivation that emphasizes the desire to excel and succeed is the need for achievement. This theory is grounded in the belief that individuals are motivated by their ambition to accomplish challenging goals and to see tangible results of their efforts. Those with a high need for achievement often set high standards for themselves and strive for personal improvement. They are driven by a strong desire to master tasks, increase their competence, and take on challenges that can lead to success, independently of external rewards.

In this context, it contrasts with other motivational needs such as the need for power, which focuses on influencing or controlling others, the need for affiliation, which is centered around forming social connections and relationships, and the need for recognition, which involves seeking acknowledgment or validation from others. Each of these needs plays a different role in motivation, but the need for achievement is specifically aligned with personal success and mastery of tasks, making it the correct answer to the question.